We’re continuing to follow post-Knox litigation challenging the constitutionality of agency shop agreements in the public sector.  In Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association, plaintiffs are seeking to enjoin enforcement of the provision of the California Educational Employment Relations Act that authorizes agency shops.  District Judge Josephine Staton Tucker has granted the state of California’s motion to intervene for the purpose of defending the constitutionality of the statute. California’s merits brief is due November 25.